Divergent reduplication as a phenomenon of linguistic creativity

The article analyzes reduction as a linguistic phenomenon and its role in the language game. Reduction exists in the vast majority of languages of the world. Despite of the existence of scientific studies of the graphic and phonetic originality of reduplicates in various languages, the content of these lexical units has not been sufficiently investigated. From the authors’ point of view, ignoring the pragmatic-communicative potential of reduplication creates a one-sided characteristic of this linguistic phenomenon. The role and functions of these language units in creating an aesthetic effect in communication are shown by examples of divergent reduplication. The authors distinguish some functions of divergent reduplication.В статье анализируется редупликация как лингвистический феномен и его роль в языковой игре. Редупликация существует в подавляющем большинстве языков мира. Несмотря на множество исследований графического и фонетического своеобразия редупликатов в различных языках, содержательная характеристика данных лексических единиц освещена недостаточно. Игнорирование прагматико-коммуникативного потенциала редупликации создает, по мнению авторов, однобокую характеристику данного лингвистического феномена. На примерах особого типа редупликации – дивергентной – показана роль и функции данных языковых единиц в создании эстетического эффекта в процессе коммуникации. Авторы выделяют ряд функций дивергентной редупликации

The analysis of words, denoting values in linguistic disciplines

The article analyzes the main approaches to the study of values in linguistic disciplines, such as ethnolinguistics, ethnolinguistic culture studies, psycholinguistics, ecolinguistics, axiological linguistics, political linguistics and the theory of intercultural communication.В статье анализируются основные подходы к исследованию ценностей в лингвистических дисциплинах, таких как этнолингвистика, этнолингвокультурология, психолингвистика, эколингвистика, аксиологическая лингвистика, политическая лингвистика и теория межкультурной коммуникации

Monitoring of tritium purity during long-term circulation in the KATRIN test experiment LOOPINO using laser Raman spectroscopy

The gas circulation loop LOOPINO has been set up and commissioned at Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe (TLK) to perform Raman measurements of circulating tritium mixtures under conditions similar to the inner loop system of the neutrino-mass experiment KATRIN, which is currently under construction. A custom-made interface is used to connect the tritium containing measurement cell, located inside a glove box, with the Raman setup standing on the outside. A tritium sample (purity > 95%, 20 kPa total pressure) was circulated in LOOPINO for more than three weeks with a total throughput of 770 g of tritium. Compositional changes in the sample and the formation of tritiated and deuterated methanes CT_(4-n)X_n (X=H,D; n=0,1) were observed. Both effects are caused by hydrogen isotope exchange reactions and gas-wall interactions, due to tritium {\beta} decay. A precision of 0.1% was achieved for the monitoring of the T_2 Q_1-branch, which fulfills the requirements for the KATRIN experiment and demonstrates the feasibility of high-precision Raman measurements with tritium inside a glove box

Calculation of Options of Possible Aggressive Button Between the Fans of Football Teams with the Use of Combinatory

Calculations of possible induced aggression among fans of football teams at large-capacity stadiums were carried out. For the first time, combinatorics methods have been used for these purposes. The author proposes a classification of stadiums according to the criterion of potential social aggression. "Ekaterinburg Arena" assigned to the second category of this classification. An example of organizational, planning and architectural decisions, reducing the risk of induced social aggression of fans during sporting mega-events, is given.Выполнены расчеты вариантов возможной индуцированной агрессии среди фанатов футбольных команд на стадионах большой вместимости. Впервые для этих целей использованы методы комбинаторики. Предложена авторская классификация стадионов по критерию потенциальной социальной агрессии. «Екатеринбург Арена» отнесена ко второй категории данной классификации. Приведен пример организационных, планировочных и архитектурных решений, снижающий риск индуцированной социальной агрессии фанатов во время проведения спортивных мегасобытий

Improved Upper Limit on the Neutrino Mass from a Direct Kinematic Method by KATRIN.

We report on the neutrino mass measurement result from the first four-week science run of the Karlsruhe Tritium Neutrino experiment KATRIN in spring 2019. Beta-decay electrons from a high-purity gaseous molecular tritium source are energy analyzed by a high-resolution MAC-E filter. A fit of the integrated electron spectrum over a narrow interval around the kinematic end point at 18.57 keV gives an effective neutrino mass square value of (-1.0_{-1.1}^{+0.9})  eV^{2}. From this, we derive an upper limit of 1.1 eV (90% confidence level) on the absolute mass scale of neutrinos. This value coincides with the KATRIN sensitivity. It improves upon previous mass limits from kinematic measurements by almost a factor of 2 and provides model-independent input to cosmological studies of structure formation

Global Self-Organization of the Cellular Metabolic Structure

Background: Over many years, it has been assumed that enzymes work either in an isolated way, or organized in small catalytic groups. Several studies performed using "metabolic networks models'' are helping to understand the degree of functional complexity that characterizes enzymatic dynamic systems. In a previous work, we used "dissipative metabolic networks'' (DMNs) to show that enzymes can present a self-organized global functional structure, in which several sets of enzymes are always in an active state, whereas the rest of molecular catalytic sets exhibit dynamics of on-off changing states. We suggested that this kind of global metabolic dynamics might be a genuine and universal functional configuration of the cellular metabolic structure, common to all living cells. Later, a different group has shown experimentally that this kind of functional structure does, indeed, exist in several microorganisms. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here we have analyzed around 2.500.000 different DMNs in order to investigate the underlying mechanism of this dynamic global configuration. The numerical analyses that we have performed show that this global configuration is an emergent property inherent to the cellular metabolic dynamics. Concretely, we have found that the existence of a high number of enzymatic subsystems belonging to the DMNs is the fundamental element for the spontaneous emergence of a functional reactive structure characterized by a metabolic core formed by several sets of enzymes always in an active state. Conclusions/Significance: This self-organized dynamic structure seems to be an intrinsic characteristic of metabolism, common to all living cellular organisms. To better understand cellular functionality, it will be crucial to structurally characterize these enzymatic self-organized global structures.Supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Education Grants MTM2005-01504, MTM2004-04665, partly with FEDER funds, and by the Basque Government, Grant IT252-07

The design, construction, and commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

The KArlsruhe TRItium Neutrino (KATRIN) experiment, which aims to make a direct and model-independent determination of the absolute neutrino mass scale, is a complex experiment with many components. More than 15 years ago, we published a technical design report (TDR) [1] to describe the hardware design and requirements to achieve our sensitivity goal of 0.2 eV at 90% C.L. on the neutrino mass. Since then there has been considerable progress, culminating in the publication of first neutrino mass results with the entire beamline operating [2]. In this paper, we document the current state of all completed beamline components (as of the first neutrino mass measurement campaign), demonstrate our ability to reliably and stably control them over long times, and present details on their respective commissioning campaigns